Thursday, 28 April 2022

Med case 1

 A 56yr old male came with C/O fever since 2 months

Patient was apparently asymptomatic 2 months back and then have fever, high grade, associated with mild chills and rigor.  ( 100°F —> 104°F) associated with cervical lymphadenopathy. 

Not associated with Cold, Cough, Headache, Bodypains.

K/C/O DM  since 30 years (on medication Glicazide 80mg + Metformin Hydrochloride 500 mg)

Not a K/C/O HTN, Asthma, Thyroid disorders, Epilepsy.

Family History of DM ( Father, Grand Father and Great Grandmother ) + . Now his son (aged 29 years) also diagnosed with DM 4 months back

Patient is a publisher by occupation though he completed BAMS. He is very passionate about his work and never neglected his work for any reasons. He  used to do alot of physical work before but Now he hired other persons to do the work to reduce work stress and do monitor their work. 

Since Childhood (around 3 years of age), he is using spectacles for nearsightedness (myopia). From then to till date his power remained same.

At the age of 4 years(In 1970), Patient’s father noticed a small swelling (asymptomatic) on the right side of the neck for the first time and then they went to local hospital where they said it was a lymph nodal swelling for which treatment was taken and size was reduced.

He married at the age of 14 years. (Third degree consanguinity)

At the age of 27 years, patient had a history of fall from bus because of giddiness for which he was taken to hospital and high blood sugars were noted.Then he was diagnosed with DM for which medication was prescribed and he used it for around 1week. Later, he started homeopathy medication for 2 n1/2 years and then stopped as his sugars levels were in control. After the fall incident, where he sustained head injury and from the very next day he had memory loss for 6 months. ( patient just remembered he had a fall because of giddiness and then went home, talked to his wife about paying fare to his transport - auto driver who helped him then. On the following morning after he woke up he din’t remember his wife/kids ). Till now he had no memory of those 6 months. 

At the age of 50 years, he again started Anti diabetic medication (his present medication) as his sugars were quite high. Started with taking 1/2 tablet BD and then increased to 1 tablet BD and present taking 1n1/2 tab in the morning and 1 tablet in the night. 

Again in 2018, patient noticed swelling on the right side of the neck which was progressive for 3-4 months to the present size. It was painless. He was on medication ( probably  ? ATT) for 2 months                  ( prescribed by family doctor). They used medication for 1 month and later they din’t have the access to get the medication as it was unavailable (then patient came to know he was using some high medication) . Then for the second month he was advised to register with red cross and done the same where he then got the medicine based on his old prescription. 4 months later, Montoux test was done which came negative. He continued the same medication for 1 year. After that, again montoux test was done at government hospital  which was negative again where then they advised to stop the medication as he was on wrong (unnecessary) prescription.

Then FNAC was done which suggests - Granulomatous Lymphadenitis (possibly of koch’s etiology) 

And then patient came to know he has No TB. 

In 2021, patient’s father was deceased ( patient was very close with his father, felt depressed and sad then) ,he had to attend some religious rituals for 13 days where he was non compliant with anti diabetic medication. 

Later in March 2022, he went to hospital for the complaints of fever, high grade and they said it was associated with his swelling for which CT scan of chest and Bronchoscopy was done. He then took TAB CEFTUM for 7 days which he felt was not effective for him. Since March, he used to take DOLO 650mg everyday 8th hourly. He took little food as it was not felt good on tasting and sometimes it was nauseous on intake of rice. His appetite is normal along with fluid intake. He lost around 14 kgs of weight. 

In April 2022, he came to our hospital with complaints of fever everyday which was high grade and then admitted for biopsy which was not done as patient had to attend some personal works. There he got fever and local doctor prescribed MEFTAL and patient got no fever for 3 days. Then he again got fever on following 4th day and took MEFTAL again along with TAB AUGMENTIN BD on 25th april for which he got no fever till date. He was admitted here again on 28th april

 Chest X ray



ECG 



USG NECK


2d ECHO

Hemogram :



CUE : 


LFT :


Blood urea - 16 mg/dl

Serum creatinine - 0.7 mg/dl

Na+ - 140 mEq/L

K+ - 5.0 mEq/L

Cl- 100 mEq/L

RBS - 223 mg/ dl, FBS -100mg/dl, PLBS - 178mg/dl

Absolute Eosinophil Count - 200 cells/cumm

Provisional diagnosis

Pyrexia of Unknown Origin with Right Cervical Lymphadenopathy

 ? Kochs

 ?Sarcoidosis

 ? Lymphoma

Treatment :

TAB DOLO 650mg PO/TID 

TAB AUGMENTIN 625mg PO/BD 

TAB PRIZIDE - M80 1n1/2 tab—X—-1tab

(Glicazide 80mg +Metformin 500mg)







TRUECUT BIOPSY






Thursday, 21 April 2022

Medicine case 2

 

A 42 yr old female came with complaints of headache since 5-6 years. Retro orbital pain +

Patient was apparently asymptomatic 6 yrs back and then developed headache and retro orbital pain. Pain was present continuously through out the day and aggravates in the evening and subsides after taking medication (pain killers).


She was asymptomatic 6 years back.


8 years back her mother died of cancer


7 years back her father died of drowning in water


6 years back her differently abled brother died of cancer.


She is worried about getting the cancer herself as people tell her that she might get cancer as both her mother and younger brother had died of cancer.


She is traumatized with the thought she might also die since six years due to cancer. 


She has two sons aged 25 and 23. Elder son is working in construction industry as labourer in kerala. Younger son is in village completed his BA degree. She says they are having financial challenges and she is worried about her sons too. She is worried that some health issue may affect them too. 


Psychological Course of treatment:


Placebo pain medication


Cognitive behaviour therapy

Not a k/c/o DM, HTN, TB, Asthma

No H/o major surgeries in the past

Tubectomised 23 yrs back


Appetite - Normal
Diet - Mixed
Sleep - Adequate
Bowel and bladder movements - Regular 

Habit of Ghutka chewing

O/E :
Pt is c/c/c
Temp - Afebrile
BP - 110/80 mmHg
PR - 79 bpm
CVS - S1S2 +, no murmurs
RS - BAE +, clear
P/A - Soft, NT
CNS - NAD

ENT opinion - 

Headache - insidious, progressive, band type, aggravated in the night, relieved partially on medication associated with photophobia, phonophobia. Nausea +

No H/o trauma to head. No H/o facial heaviness, post nasal drip & smell abnormalities.

No H/o Nasal obstruction, Nasal discharge, paroxysmal sneezing, itching in the nose.

O/E: Grade I tonsillar Hypertrophy +.                              

Mild tenderness present on B/L ethmoid &frontal sinuses.                                                                       - No symptoms suggestive of chronic Rhinosinusitis

Ophthal opinion - 

                 Right Eye           Left Eye 

   V/A:        6/12 . NI              6/6

 Normal fundus study

Advised regular spectacle use for near vision

Eye drops LUBREX 4times/day in both eyes

Provisional diagnosis :

 ? Somatoform disorder with depression

Treatment - 

TAB DOLO 650 mg SOS

TAB NAPROXEN 250 mg SOS

TAB PAN 40mg PO OD

TAB MVT PO OD



Medicine Case

A 36 yr old male came with Complaints of  upper backache since 9 months. 

C/o B/L shoulder pain since 9 months

Patient was appatently asymptomatic 9 months back and then he developed upper back ache and bilateral shoulder pain associated with cramping (on&off) after moving heavy objects. Patient is very conscious while swallowing of food and feels discomfort in throat.
Indigestion + 
Belching f/b chest discomfort.

The patient studied till 9th standard in his village and went to Guwahati, Assam for working as a day labourer in the construction field in 2001/02 at the age of 17. He used to have alcohol from the age of 17 but the quantity consumed was less. He spent 2 to 3 years in guahati and then went to Shillong, Meghalaya to work in the same construction field but he was getting more money compared to Guwahati. In 2003, he was getting work as an independent contractor and was earning around 25,000 rupees of disposable income. During this time, his alcohol intake has increased considerably to around 375 ml per day and he used to smoke a pack of cigarettes a day till the start of covid period during the end of 2019. For Almost 15 years he was drinking alcohol and smoking incessantly. 


In 2010, he had septoplasty with Grommet insertion in left ear


By 2012-13, he had savings of around 10-12 lakhs and he wanted to build a house with the money he had but due to his father illness who had issues with his liver, the patient had to spend around 5 lakhs on the treatment of his father. His father had passed away in 2014. Just before his father passing away, on the insistence of his relatives he got married in the end of 2013. He again went back to shillong for the work as usual.


2016, he got the house constructed where his family(himself, wife and two kids aged 7 and 2) has stayed since then. His 2 brothers stay at the house built by the patient’s parents. 


During the construction of the house, the patient wanted to build a small temple in the premises of his house but he could not complete it due to lack of money. This is one of the important factor in the history of the patient.


In around 2018 he was having pain in the lower abdominal region which was later detected as hernia after making visits to atleast three hospitals. Ultimately he got operated for hernia. One significant point about the pain in the abdominal region before detecting as hernia was that the patient went to a priest asking for advice for his abdominal pain and the priest directed and highlighted the fact that the INCOMPLETE TEMPLE has to be completed if his problems with health have to be solved. The patient has a strong inclination that the incomplete temple in his house is having some impact on his health and also he fears that this factor might negatively affect his children and his family also. 


After the start of Covid from the beginning of the year 2020, he stayed in his village in north Bengal and he could not go to shillong which was his work place since almost 15 years. He was doing heavy physical work in shillong but in his village he started to live a sedentary life. He had started a small grocery store and he says he is earning less than half the amount which he used to earn in shillong. 


Since the time of start of covid, his alcohol and smoking habits have also decreased and he now says he drinks alcohol in very meagre amounts that too once in a month or two. He stopped smoking now since almost 2 years. 


Since one year he is having issues with pain in upper back, bilateral shoulder pain associated with cramping (on&off) after moving heavy objects. He is having discomfort while swallowing food, formation of gas in stomach. These issues seems to have started after he became sedentary after 20 years of hard physical labour work. 


Not a K/C/O DM, HTN, TB, Asthma, Epilepsy

H/o septoplasty with Grommet insertion in left ear 12 yrs back
H/o appendectomy 3 yrs back

Appetite - Normal
Diet - Mixed
Sleep - Adequate
Bowel and bladder movements - Regular 

Alcohol - occasional ( previously regular )
Habit of tobacco chewing +

O/E :
Pt is c/c/c
Temp - Afebrile
BP - 110/80 mmHg
PR - 79 bpm
CVS - S1S2 +, no murmurs
RS - BAE +, clear
P/A - Soft, NT
CNS - NAD

ENT Opinion - 
Left EAR : TM Intact & Retracted
                    Cone of light absent
Laryngoscopy done :




Provisional diagnosis - 
? Laryngeal Pharyngeal Reflux

Treatment :
1) TAB PAN 40mg PO/OD
2) OTRIVIN nasal drops TID
3) Steam inhalation 3 times/day 
4) Elevation of head
5) Eat 3 hours before sleep
6) Avoid throat clearing
7) Physiotherapy for upper back

Reflux Symptom Index

          Symptoms
0 = no problem
5 = severe problem
1. Hoarseness or a problem with your voice012345
2. Clearing your throat012345
3. Excess throat mucus or postnasal drip012345
4. Difficulty swallowing food, liquids, or pills012345
5. Coughing after you ate or after lying down012345
6. Breathing difficulties or choking episodes012345
7. Troublesome or annoying cough012345
8. Sensation of something sticking in your throat or a lump in your throat012345
9. Heartburn, chest pain, indigestion, or stomach acid coming up012345
RSI > 13 = AbnormalTotal

RSI - 26



Reflux Finding Score
Subglottic edema0 = absent
2 = present
Ventricular2 = partial
4 = complete
Erythema/hyperemia2 = arytenoids only
4 = diffuse
Vocal fold edema1 = mild
2 = moderate
3 = severe
4 = polypoid
Diffuse laryngeal edema1 = mild
2 = moderate
3 = severe
4 = obstructing
Posterior commissure hypertrophy1 = mild
2 = moderate
3 = severe
4 = obstructing
Granuloma/granulation tissue0 = absent
2 = present
Thick endolaryngeal mucus0 = absent
2 = present
RFS - 0

26/04/22

Ophthal Opinion - 

C/o burning sensation in both eyes since 6 months 
With redness and swelling over lower lid of both eyes 

V/A : 
Right eye - 6/36 . 6/12
Left eye - 6/36 . 6/12

Refraction : BE 2.00 Dsph 6/6 

O/E : 
                           Right eye                      Left eye

Lids          Small pustule over          Small pustule over           
                      lower lid                          lower lid
Conjuctiva      quiet                        Small cyst over lower       
                                                        palpebral conjuctiva

Advise given - 
Regular spectacle use
Eye ointment ciplox BD
LID Hygiene
Hot fermentation
Eye drops Lubrex 4 times/ day for 5 days
TAB TAXIM O 200 mg BD x 5 days


Tuesday, 5 April 2022

e log 2

A 36 year old male lecturer by occupation came with complaints of pain in left lower rib since 1 week and vomitings since 3 days. 


Patient was apparently asymptomatic 7 years ago and then he had an episode of giddiness and fall for which he went to the hospital and was diagnosed with Diabetes Mellitus and was started on OHAs. Patient used to go for regular check ups, got FBS, PLBS done which were under control on Metformin. 

Later, he was started on GLIMI M1 and now GLIMI MV2 2-3 months ago. However, he says he hasn’t been regular with his medication since one week. 


3 years ago, patient started binging on alcohol, without consuming any food and developed pain abdomen for whcih he was diagnosed with Acute pancreatitis. He received treatment for 15 days at an outside hospital. 


3 years ago patient had a ?Callus formation/ thickened part on plantar aspect of left foot. He himself used to cut the thickened part with a blade, which turned into an ulcer 1 year ago for which he then underwent debridement. He did his own dressing by using spirit to clean the area and then puts iodine and cotton on it, every alternate day. 


He quit his job and is only staying at home since 2 years but occasionally teaches as a guest lecturer.


2 years ago, He attempted suicide by consuming OP poison and was treated at outside hospital. 


1 n1/2 years ago, he again started binging on alcohol and developed pain abdomen but it was not diagnosed as another episode of acute pancreatitis. 


Since 1 year, he is experiencing burning sensation in his feet, tingling sensation from his foot to his calf. 


He has pedal edema till ankle in his left foot, which is of pitting type which can be seen at the end of the day. 


5 days ago, he fell from his bike and is experiencing pain in his left lower rib since then. Tenderness +


Now, since 3 days he again started binging on alcohol without consuming food and stopped taking OHAs. 


He also has complaints of vomitings since 3 days which were non projectile, non bilious and had food particles as content.  He had one episode of blood in vomitus 3 days back. 

He reports intolerance on drinking water as well, feels nauseous as soon as he consumes water. 


He was diagnosed with Diabetes mellitus 7 years back and was started on Metformin initially, then on Tab, GLIMI MV1 —> Tab. GLIMI MV2 since 2-3 months


O/E:

Temp: 98°F

PR: 104bpm

RR: 18 cpm

BP: 120/80 mm hg

SpO2: 98% on RA 

GRBS: High (>400mg%)


Mild pallor present. 

No icterus, cyanosis, clubbing,  lymphadenopathy. 

Pedal edema present upto ankle in Left foot. 


CVS: S1 S2 +, No murmurs

RS: BAE + 

CNS: 

HMF- intact, conscious 

Cranial nerves: normal 



Motor system:

 Tone:                    Right           Left

              UL          N                N

              LL.          N                N


Power:               Right.      Left

            UL.               5/5.            5/5

            LL.                5/5.             5/5


 Reflexes:               Right.                Left

B.                               ++.                  ++

T.                                 +.                   

S.                                ++                  ++

K.                                ++                  ++

A.                                 +.                   +


Babinski -   Negative 


Sensory system:


 2 point discrimination: 

UL.                             +                         +

LL                        Absent in toes 

Vibration: Medial malleolus.   4.8s    4.2s

                  Knee                       5.7.    5.3

                  Elbow.                     7.89. 8.1

Proprioception: 

UL                       +                                 +

LL   - Absent in Greater toe and second toe in both left and right LL 



Investigations:

15/3/22


S. Lipase: 48 IU/L

S. Amylase: 74 IU/L

Urine for ketone bodies: negative 


ABG: 


LFT: 

TB: 1.08

DB: 0.24

AST: 18

ALT: 10

Alk P: 242

TP: 7.3

Alb: 4

A/G: 1.23


Serum creatinine: 1.0

Serum urea: 15


Hemogram: 

Hb: 10.5

TLC: 5,400

N:65

L: 28

PLT: 2.30

 

Na: 138

K: 4.1

Cl: 99




Diagnosis: 


Uncontrolled sugars 

Diabetic ulcer on left lower limb 

Diabetic neuropathy



Treatment: 

1. Inj. HAI 6U given STAT

2. Inj. NS . 2 bolus given 

3. Inj. PANTOP 40mg IV OD

4. Tab. PREGABALIN 75mg OD H/S

5. Inj. TRAMADOL 1 amp in 100ml NS IV

6. Inj. ZOFER 4mg IV TID

7. Inj. THIAMINE 100mg + 100ml NS IV BD 

8. Tab. ULTRACET 1/2 PO/ QID 

9. Inj. HAI 10 units—x—6 units  pre meal and Inj. NPH 6 units BD


NEW ADMISSION 

16/3/22

AMC BED 1 


S: Complaints of pain in left lower rib region


O: 

Temperature: 98.6°F

BP: 130/100 mmHg

PR: 102 bpm 

GRBS: 144mg/dl

CVS: S1 S2 +, 

Not thrills or murmurs heard.

RS: BAE+, normal vesicular breath sounds heard 

CNS:

Motor system:

 Tone:   R.     L

UL.     N.      N 

LL.     N.      N 


Power:  R.     L

UL.       5/5.  5/5

LL.       5/5.  5/5


 Reflexes:    R.     L

B.               ++.     ++

T.                +.        + 

S.               ++     ++

K.               ++    ++

A.               +.     +


Babinski.   Negative 


Sensory system:

Sensory system:


 2 point discrimination: 

UL.    +.     +

LL    Absent in toes 

Vibration: 

Medial malleolus.4.8 4.2s

Knee                       5.7 5.3.                     Elbow.                    7.89. 8.1

Proprioception: 

UL   +.      +

LL.  Absent in Greater toe and second toe in both left and right LL 


P/A: soft, tenderness present in left hypochondrium. 



LFT: 

TB: 1.08

DB: 0.24

AlkP: 242

S. Lipase: 48

S. Amylase: 74


RBS: 370 mg/dl

UKB: Negative 

Blood urea: 15

Serum creatinine: 1.0

Na: 138

K: 4.1

Cl: 99


Hb: 10.8

TLC: 5,400

N: 65

Plt: 2.3 lakh


GRBS Charting: 

2AM (16/3/22): 101mg/dl

6AM (16/3/22): 97 mg/dl

8 AM ( 16/3/22): 144 mg/dl


A: Uncontrolled sugars 

Diabetic ulcer on left foot 

RTA with ?Left lower rib fracture

Diabetic neuropathy


P: 

1. Inj. PANTOP 40mg IV OD

2. Tab. PREGABALIN 75mg OD H/S

3. Inj. TRAMADOL 1 amp in 100ml NS IV

4. Inj. ZOFER 4mg IV TID

5. Inj. THIAMINE 100mg + 100ml NS IV BD 

6. Tab. ULTRACET 1/2 PO/ QID 

7. Inj. HAI 10 units—-x—-6 units TID pre meal and Inj. NPH 6 units BD



17/3/22

https://caseopinionsbyrollno156.blogspot.com/2022/03/36-year-old-with-pain-in-left-lower-rib.html



S: Complaints of pain in left lower rib region


O: 

Temperature: 98.6°F

BP: 130/100 mmHg

PR: 98 bpm 

GRBS: 305mg/dl

CVS: S1 S2 +

RS: BAE+

CNS:

Motor system:

 Tone:   R.     L

UL.     N.      N 

LL.     N.      N 


Power:  R.     L

UL.       5/5.  5/5

LL.       5/5.  5/5


 Reflexes:    R.     L

B.               ++.     ++

T.                +.        + 

S.               ++     ++

K.               ++    ++

A.               +.     +


Babinski.   Negative 


Sensory system:

Sensory system:


 2 point discrimination: 

UL.    +.     +

LL    Absent in toes 

Vibration: 

Medial malleolus.4.8 4.2s

Knee                       5.7 5.3.                     Elbow.                    7.89. 8.1

Proprioception: 

UL   +.      +

LL.  Absent in Greater toe and second toe in both left and right LL 


P/A: soft, tenderness present in left hypochondrium. 


FBS(16/3):107 mg/dl

PLBS(16/3): 383mg/dl

Total cholesterol: 217mg/dl

TAG: 438

HDL: 55

LDL: 122


A: Uncontrolled sugars 

Diabetic ulcer on left foot 

Diabetic neuropathy

RTA with left 11th rib displaced fracture 


P: 

1. Inj. PANTOP 40mg IV OD

2. Tab. PREGABALIN 75mg OD H/S

3. Inj. TRAMADOL 1 amp in 100ml NS IV

4. Inj. ZOFER 4mg IV TID

5. Inj. THIAMINE 100mg + 100ml NS IV BD 

6. Tab. ULTRACET 1/2 PO/ QID 

7. Tab. GLIMY M2 PO/BD 

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